Muri Afurika, ikibazo cy’umusaruro muke w’amashanyarazi kiracyari imbogamizi ikomeye idindiza iterambere ry’inganda, uburezi, ubuvuzi n’ubuhinzi. Gusa hari ibihugu bike byabashije kwigaragaza nk’ibihangange mu gutunganya no gutanga amashanyarazi ku mugabane wa Afurika.

Nk’uko tubikesha ikinyamkuru Business Insider Africa, ku isonga hazaAfurika y’Epfo, igihugu gifite ubukungu bukomeye kurusha ibindi muri Afurika. Iki gihugu gitunganya amashanyarazi arenga gigawatt 229,303 ku isaha (GWH) buri mwaka, kikaba ari cyo cya mbere ku mugabane.

N’ubwo Afurika y’Epfo ifite uyu musaruro munini, abaturage bayo bakomeje guhura n’ikibazo cy’ibura ry’umuriro. Abasesenguzi bavuga ko igihugu gikeneye nibura megawatt 15,000 z’inyongera kuzo basanganywe kugira ngo ikikibazo gikemuke.

Amakara ni yo soko nyamukuru y’amashanyarazi muri iki gihugu, n’ubwo ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba n’umuyaga zikomeje kwiyongera cyane.

Ku mwanya wa kabiri haza Egypt, igihugu cyigeze kugira ibibazo bikomeye by’ibura ry’umuriro ariko kikaza kubikemura mu buryo bugaragara kuva mu 2016.

Kuri ubu gitunganya amashanyarazi arenga GWh 200,000, ndetse kikaba cyaranatangiye kuyohereza mu bindi bihugu. Hafi 75% by’umuriro wacyo bikomoka kuri gaz naturel, ariko kandi gikomeje gushora imari ikomeye mu mishinga y’ingufu z’umuyaga n’izuba cyane cyane mu gace k’Inyanja Itukura.

Algeria iza ku mwanya wa gatatu n’umusaruro urenga GWh 85,500. Iki gihugu kinini kurusha ibindi muri Afurika, gikoresha cyane umutungo kamere wa gaz naturel kuko ari wo utanga hejuru ya 95% by’amashanyarazi yacyo.

Nubwo kibasha guhaza abaturage bacyo, impuguke zigaragaza ko kigikeneye kongera imiyoboro minini y’ingufu kugira ngo mu gihe kizaza kizabashe guhaze inganda zikomeje kwiyongera.

Ku mwanya wa kane ni Morocco itunganya amashanyarazi arenga GWh 41,000. Nubwo nayo ifite umusaruro mwiza, iracyatumiza amashanyarazi muri Espagne mu bihe bimwe na bimwe by’ibura ry’umuriro.

Iki gihugu gifite intego yo kuzaba gikoresha nibura 50% by’ingufu zisubiramo bitarenze umwaka wa 2030, kikaba gikoresha amakara, gaz naturel, imirasire y’izuba ndetse n’umuyaga.

Nigeria, ikaba ari nacyo gihugu gifite abaturage benshi muri Afurika, ni yo ya gatanu kuri uru rutonde. Nubwo Nigeria itunganya amashanyarazi arenga GWh 40,000, uwo musaruro uracyari muto cyane ugereranyije n’ubwinshi bw’abaturage bayo ndetse n’ibikenewe mu nganda.

Gaz naturel n’ingomero z’amashanyarazi ni byo bitanga amashanyarazi cyane muri Nigeria, ariko abaturage benshi baracyakoresha moteri zitanga umuriro ndetse n’imirasire y’izuba yihariye kubera ikibazo cy’umuriro udahagije.

Ikigaragara cyane kuri uru rutonde ni uko Afurika y’Amajyaruguru ari yo yiganje mu gutunganya amashanyarazi menshi ku mugabane.

Uretse Misiri, Algeria na Morocco, Libya ndetse na Tunisia nabyo biri mu bihugu bya mbere muri Afurika mu gutunganya amashanyarazi. Libya yonyine itunganya GWh 35,746 n’ubwo imaze imyaka myinshi mu bibazo bya politiki n’umutekano.

Ibi byose bigaragaza ko amashanyarazi ari inkingi ikomeye y’iterambere ry’ibihugu. Aho iyo iyo hari umuriro uhagije, inganda zitera imbere, serivisi z’ubuzima zikanozwa, uburezi bugatera imbere, ndetse n’ikoranabuhanga rigatera imbere.

Afurika ikomeje gukora ibishoboka byose ngo yongere amashanyarazi, ariko haracyari byinshi byo gukora kugira ngo abaturage bose babashe kubona umuriro uhagije.