Iyi myitwarire cyangwa imyumvire nta bwo ari indwara cyangwa ikibazo gikemurwa buryo bw’ubuvuzi bw’umwuga, ariko ishobora kuba ifitanye isano n’ibintu byinshi bibi bishobora kuba mu rwego rw’imitekerereze, imyemerere, cyangwa mu buzima bw’umuntu.

Reka turebe ibisobanuro birambuye by’ibyo abantu batandukanye bashobora kuvuga kuri aba bantu bumva ko kubaho nta dini, nta mama/Mana, nta myemerere, nta gutinya izindi mbaraga zitagaragara ari ibisanzwe.

1. Apatheia cyangwa kudashishikazwa n’iby’amadini
Abantu bamwe muri aba barwaye/bafite (kuko hari ababona atari indwara) apatheia, ni ukuvuga kutagira impungenge zo kuba udasenga cyangwa kubura inyota ku bintu by’iyobokamana. Aba bashobora kugaragara nk’abatabona akamaro mu gusenga cyangwa mu migenzo y’idini.

Apatheia si indwara, ahubwo ni ibintu bibaho igihe umuntu abaho nta mutima cyangwa ubushake bwo kwitabira ibintu by’iyobokamana agira na mba. Ibi bishobora guterwa n’ibintu bitandukanye, birimo:

• Kubona nta cyo bimaze: Abantu bamwe bashobora kutabona akamaro mu migenzo y’idini cyangwa mu myemerere, bityo bakanga kwitabira ibikorwa by’iyobokamana.

• Ibibazo by’ubuzima: Hari abahura n’ibibazo by’ubuzima bwo mu buryo bw’umwuka, bakararikira iby’isi cyangwa se bakabaho mu buzima bubi, bahanganye n’ibibazo bitandukanye, bashaka kugera ku ntego zikomeye, bakibagirwa ibyo gusenga n’uko Imana ibaho.

• Ibikomere byo mu bihe byashize cyangwa kutishimira idini: Abantu bahuye n’ibikomere cyangwa ibibazo babitewe n’idini bashobora kutagira imyemerere cyangwa bakabaho barwanya ibyo gusenga bitewe n’uko bababajwe na ryo cyangwa abarigize.

2. Atheism cyangwa Agnosticism
Ikindi gishobora gutera umuntu kutitabira ibyo gusenga cyangwa imyemerere ni uko bashobora kumva batemera Imana cyangwa kutamenya neza niba hari Imana. Atheism cyangwa Agnosticism ni imyemerere, nta bwo ari indwara cyangwa ikibazo gikomeye. Muri make ntibaba bazi ko Imana iriho, cyangwa bakaba babihakana.

. Atheism: Guhakana Imana cyangwa imyemerere y’idini. Abatemera/abatizera, bashobora kubona gusenga nk’ibintu bitari ngombwa kubera ko Imana itabaho kuri bo.
• Agnosticism: ni ugushidikanya, wibaza niba Imana ibaho cyangwa itabaho.

Uku gushidikanya si uguhakana Imana, ariko ushidikanya aguma mo hagati, agafata umwanzuro wo kudasenga kuko aba azi ko ahari ibyo akora asenga ari imfabusa.

3. Imiterere y’umuntu
Imiterere y’umuntu ni indi mpamvu ishobora gutuma umuntu atitabira ibintu by’imyemerere, harimo:
• Gukunda ubwigenge: Hari abantu bifuza kugendera ku buzima bwabo bwite nta muntu ubahaye amabwiriza, kandi ntiwasenga udafite ibyo wubahiriza, ntiwagira imyemerere itagira amahame.
• Gushyigikira ukuri cyangwa ibitekerezo by’ubumenyi (philosophy): Abantu bamwe bashobora guha agaciro ibitekerezo by’ubumenyi, ubwenge, cyangwa ubushakashatsi by’abahanga, bakabona ko imyemerere cyangwa gusenga bitari ngombwa mu buzima bwabo.

4. Imico cyangwa umuco w’aho umuntu yakuriye
Imyitwarire y’abantu ku gusenga no ku myemerere ishobora guturuka ku mico n’umuco w’aho bahoze, bakuriye. Urugero:
• Sosiyete zifite umuco w’ubuvanganzo (secularism): Mu bihugu byinshi, aho ibitekerezo by’ubuvanganzo byiganje, abantu bashobora kumva ko nta mpamvu yo gusenga cyangwa kwitabira imyemerere kuko batabona impamvu iyobokamana rifite agaciro.

• Kwirengagiza idini: Abantu bakuriye mu mico cyangwa umuryango w’idini, ariko bagahungabana cyangwa bakagira agahinda kubera idini, bashobora guhitamo kwirinda gusenga cyangwa imyemerere yose. Ni kimwe n’abakuze bakisanga mu miryango itabikozwa.

5. Ibibazo by’imitekerereze: Ni indwara?
Hari impamvu z’imitekerereze zishobora gutuma umuntu yanga gusenga cyangwa kutishimira imyemerere, ariko ibi nta bwo bivuze ko bafite indwara yo mu mutwe cyangwa ikibazo gikomeye. Ibintu bishobora kubitera ni:

• Kwirinda: Abantu bamwe bafite imiterere yo kwirinda ibintu, abantu, cyangwa ibikorwa bibatera ubwoba. Niba gusenga cyangwa imyemerere bigaragara nk’ibintu bibabaje cyangwa ababikora bibagaragaza nk’abafite imbaraga nke, umuntu ashobora kwirinda gusenga cyangwa ibikorwa by’idini. Inyigisho z’imiriro itazima bamwe zatumye banga amadini.

• Agahinda cyangwa impungenge: Hari abantu baba bafite ihungabana, bakanga ibintu byose. Iyi yaba indwara, kuko iba yaratumye banga ibintu bakundaga kandi bibafitiye akamaro, ariko kwa muganga ntivurwa.

Ni indwara?
Icyo twavuga mu buryo bwihariye: Oya, si indwara yavurwa na muganga uwo ari we wese niba umuntu yirinda gusenga, atishimira imyemerere, cyangwa nta bwoba agira ku byerekeye imyemerere. Iyi myitwarire ishobora guterwa n’icyemezo cy’umuntu, imico, imyemerere, cyangwa ibibazo by’ubuzima, ariko nta bwo bihura n’ibisobanuro by’indwara cyangwa ikibazo gikomeye mu by’ubuvuzi cyangwa ubushakashatsi.

Ariko, niba umuntu afite agahinda gakomeye, urujijo, cyangwa yumva ko amadini atuma yiyumva nabi (urugero, niba bimutera kumva ko ubuzima nta ntego bufite, byanga bikunda azajya mu muriro utazima kuko ngo n’umukiranutsi agwa karindwi), ashobora gukenera ubufasha buturutse ku muntu usobanukiwe ibyo Bibiliya yigisha, umuganga mu mitekerereze cyangwa inama ziturutse ahandi zamufasha kugira ubumenyi no gusobanukirwa biruseho ibyo adasobanukiwe.