Inteko Rusange y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye (UN) yatoye umwanzuro ugamije guhindura uburyo ikarita y’isi isanzwe ikoreshwa igaragaza ubunini bw’imigabane, cyane cyane Afurika.
Uyu mwanzuro uzwi nka “Correct the Map”, watanzwe na Togo ushyigikiwe n’ibihugu bigize Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe (AU), wemejwe n’ibihugu 164, birimo u Bufaransa n’u Bwongereza. Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ni cyo gihugu cyonyine cyawutoyeho, mu gihe ibindi bitandatu bitabiriye amatora ariko ntibitora ku ruhande na rumwe.
Nubwo uyu mwanzuro udafite imbaraga zitegeka ibihugu kuwushyira mu bikorwa, biteganyijwe ko uzagira uruhare mu guhindura amakarita y’isi akoreshwa n’ibigo bitandukanye ku isi.
Ikarita ya Mercator yagaragazaga Afurika nk’aho ari nto
Ikarita ya Mercator, imaze gukoreshwa kuva mu kinyejana cya 16, yamaze igihe kinini ari yo ikoreshwa mu kugaragaza isi. Icyakora, yakunze kunengwa kubera ko igoreka ubunini nyabwo bw’imigabane.
Kuri iyi karita, Afurika ishobora kugaragara nk’aho ingana hafi na Greenland, nyamara Afurika ari nini hafi inshuro 14kurusha Greenland. Iri tandukaniro riterwa n’uko bigoye kugaragaza neza ku mpapuro cyangwa ku ikarita ifite ibipimo bibiri ubuso bw’isi ifite ishusho y’umubumbe.
Ikarita ya Mercator yakozwe mu 1569 na Gerardus Mercator, umuhanga mu gukora amakarita ukomoka muri Flanders, agamije cyane cyane gufasha abagenzi n’abashakashatsi bo mu nyanja kugenda no kumenya icyerekezo.
Uko ikarita ye iteye bituma ibihugu biri hafi y’imirongo y’ibipimo by’Isi bigaragara nk’aho ari bito kurusha uko bingana, mu gihe ibihugu biri hafi y’imipaka y’amajyaruguru n’amajyepfo bigaragara nk’aho ari binini kurusha ubunini bwabyo nyabwo.
Equal Earth igiye guhabwa umwanya
Mu rwego rwo gukemura iki kibazo, mu 2018 itsinda ry’abahanga mu gukora amakarita ryakoze ikarita nshya yiswe Equal Earth projection, igamije kugaragaza ubuso bw’imigabane mu buryo buri hafi y’ubunini bwabwo nyabwo.
Muri Gashyantare 2026, ibihugu 54 bigize Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe byemeje gukoresha iyi karita, bivuga ko “igaragaza neza kurushaho ubunini bw’imigabane yose, cyane cyane Afurika.”
Itsinda riharanira ko iyi karita ihinduka, CorrectTheMap, rivuga ko Afurika ari nini ku buryo ushobora gushyiramo Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, u Bushinwa, u Buhinde, u Buyapani, Mexique ndetse n’igice kinini cy’u Burayi, hakaba hasigara n’ubutaka.
Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga wa Togo, Robert Dussey, mbere y’amatora ya UN yavuze ko isi iboneye yatangirira ku ikarita iboneye. Yagize ati: “Isi iboneye yatangirira ku ikarita iboneye.”
Yongeyeho ko ikarita atari igikoresho kidafite aho kibogamiye, kuko ishobora kugira uruhare mu buryo abantu babona imigabane n’abaturage bayo ndetse n’umwanya bafite ku isi.
U Bufaransa bwahisemo kureka Mercator
Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga w’u Bufaransa, Jean-Noël Barrot, yashyigikiye iki gitekerezo ndetse avuga ko minisiteri ayoboye igiye guhagarika gukoresha ikarita ya Mercator.
Yavuze ko guhindura ikarita bidahindura isi, ariko ko gukosora uburyo isi ihagararwamo kugira ngo hatagaragaramo ibigoramye ari intambwe yo kugaragaza ukuri.
Ku rundi ruhande, uhagarariye Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika muri UN, Yaryna Ferencevych, yanenze uyu mwanzuro, avuga ko Inteko Rusange ya UN yagakwiye kwibanda ku bibazo bifatika birimo amahoro, iterambere n’imibanire myiza hagati y’ibihugu.
“Afurika ntiyagoretswe gusa ku ikarita”
Lerato Mogoatlhe wo muri Africa No Filter, imwe mu miryango iri inyuma y’ubukangurambaga bwo kureka ikarita ya Mercator, yavuze ko uburyo Afurika igaragazwa ku makarita y’isi atari ikibazo cy’imiterere y’ikarita gusa, ahubwo ko bifite n’ingaruka ku buryo isi ibona Afurika.
Yavuze ko ari kimwe mu bikorwa bigamije kurwanya amakuru y’ibinyoma n’imyumvire imaze igihe ikwirakwizwa ku mugabane wa Afurika.
Umuhanga mu bijyanye n’amasomo y’isi ukomoka muri Kenya, Kioko Muendo, na we yavuze ko ikarita ya Mercator ishobora kuba yaragize uruhare mu gutuma ubunini bwa Afurika, umutungo kamere wayo, abaturage ndetse n’amahirwe y’ishoramari bihabwa agaciro gake ugereranyije n’uko biri mu by’ukuri.
Bityo, impinduka ku ikarita y’isi zishobora kuba atari uguhindura gusa imirongo n’imiterere y’imigabane, ahubwo zikaba n’intambwe igamije guhindura uburyo Afurika n’ubunini bwayo bisobanurwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
